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Technical architecture in web development is the design and structure of the underlying technology that enables the functioning of websites and web applications. It includes components like front-end development, back-end development, database management, infrastructure, APIs, security, and testing.
Here are some key aspects and components typically involved in the technical architecture:
This involves designing and implementing the user interface (UI) and user experience (UX) components of a website or web application. It includes technologies like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and front-end frameworks like React, Angular, or Vue.js.
This focuses on the server-side logic and functionality that powers the web application. It involves selecting a suitable programming language (e.g., PHP, Python, Ruby, Node.js) and a web framework (e.g., Symfony, Django, Ruby on Rails) to handle server-side operations, data processing, and integration with databases.
Web applications often rely on databases to store and manage data. The choice of a database management system (DBMS) is crucial, such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, or Oracle. The technical architecture should consider data modeling, database schema design, query optimisation, and data storage and retrieval mechanisms.
This includes the setup and configuration of the infrastructure required to host the web application. It may involve selecting a cloud provider (e.g., AWS, Azure, Google Cloud), managing servers, setting up load balancers, implementing caching mechanisms, and ensuring scalability, security, and high availability.
Web applications often need to interact with external systems or services, such as payment gateways, social media platforms, or third-party APIs. The technical architecture should include designing and implementing APIs for data exchange and integration, ensuring proper authentication, authorisation, and data protection.
Technical architecture should address security considerations like authentication, authorisation, data encryption, and protection against common web vulnerabilities. Performance optimisation techniques such as caching, content delivery networks (CDNs), and efficient data retrieval mechanisms should also be considered.
A robust technical architecture includes provisions for testing the web application, including unit testing, integration testing, and automated testing. It may also involve implementing continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipelines and utilising version control systems like Git for effective collaboration and code management.
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